What is its maximum size?
The Royal Gramma grows to approximately 7–8 cm (2.8–3.1 inches) in length. It is a small, colourful marine fish recognised by its striking purple front half and bright yellow rear half. A popular choice for marine aquariums, it is relatively hardy and spends much of its time swimming close to rockwork or sheltering in caves and crevices.
Despite its small size, the Royal Gramma appreciates a well-established aquarium with plenty of live rock, hiding places and stable water conditions.
Where is its origin and where is it exported from?
The Royal Gramma originates from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, including areas around the Bahamas, Florida, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and Central America. It inhabits coral reefs and rocky environments, where it shelters in caves and crevices and often swims facing outwards from its chosen hiding place.
Specimens entering the aquarium trade may be exported from Caribbean countries and territories, as well as other collection locations within its natural range. Export origins depend on collection and supply sources.
Is it reef compatible?
Yes, the Royal Gramma is generally considered reef safe and is an excellent choice for many reef aquariums. It typically leaves corals and most ornamental invertebrates alone, making it suitable for systems containing soft corals, large-polyp stony corals (LPS) and small-polyp stony corals (SPS).
It may occasionally display territorial behaviour around its preferred cave or hiding place, particularly towards fish that approach too closely. However, it is not generally known for damaging corals and is considered a reliable reef aquarium species.
What should I feed it?
Feed a varied diet of small meaty foods, including enriched frozen brine shrimp, mysis shrimp, finely chopped seafood and other appropriately sized marine foods. High-quality marine pellets and suitable frozen preparations can also be offered.
In the wild, the Royal Gramma feeds primarily on zooplankton and other small animal matter suspended in the water. Providing a varied diet helps maintain its colouration, condition and overall health.
Feed small portions once or twice daily, adjusting the quantity according to its appetite and body condition. Ensure that food reaches the areas around its preferred hiding places, particularly when it is newly introduced or housed with faster-feeding tank mates.
How many can I keep?
The Royal Gramma is generally best kept singly in smaller aquariums. It can be territorial towards other Royal Grammas, especially when space and suitable hiding places are limited.
In larger aquariums, a compatible pair may be possible, but individuals should be introduced carefully. Two fish may fight if they are incompatible or if the aquarium does not provide sufficient space and separate territories.
Keeping multiple Royal Grammas together is not generally recommended for smaller community aquariums. A single specimen will usually settle well and display its natural behaviour when provided with suitable rockwork and shelter.
How compatible is it with other fish?
The Royal Gramma is generally peaceful towards unrelated fish and is well suited to community marine and reef aquariums. Suitable tank mates may include clownfish, firefish, gobies, blennies, cardinalfish and many peaceful wrasses.
It can become territorial towards fish that resemble it in shape, colour or behaviour, as well as other cave-dwelling species that compete for the same hiding places.
Avoid housing it with large predatory fish that may view it as prey or aggressive species that may prevent it from feeding comfortably. Providing plenty of live rock, caves and crevices helps reduce territorial disputes and allows it to retreat when necessary.
Water parameters
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Temperature: 24–27°C
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pH: 8.1–8.4
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Specific gravity (salinity): 1.023–1.026
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Ammonia: 0 ppm
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Nitrite: 0 ppm
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Nitrate: Keep as low as practical through efficient filtration and regular water changes.
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Filtration: Good biological filtration and stable water quality are recommended.
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Water flow: Moderate circulation is suitable, with calmer areas around rockwork and hiding places.

